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UPPER()

Available in: DSQL, ESQL, PSQL

Added in: IB

Changed in: 2.0

Description

Returns the upper-case equivalent of the input string. Since Firebird 2 this function also correctly uppercases non-ASCII characters, even if the default (binary) collation is used. The character set must be appropriate though: with ASCII or NONE for instance, only ASCII characters are uppercased; with OCTETS, the entire string is returned unchanged.

Result type: (VAR)CHAR

Syntax

 UPPER (str)

Examples

 select upper(_iso8859_1 'Débâcle')
 from rdb$database
 -- returns 'DÉBÂCLE' (before Firebird 2.0: 'DéBâCLE')

 select upper(_iso8859_1 'Débâcle' collate fr_fr)
 from rdb$database
 -- returns 'DEBACLE', following French uppercasing rules

See also:
CAST()
LOWER()
Firebird Null Guide: Internal functions and directives
and the user-defined (external) function lower()

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