Overview of the main character sets in Firebird
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Overview of the main character sets in Firebird
By Stefan Heymann
Character sets are an issue every programmer has to deal with one day. This is an overview of the most important character sets.
| Name | Bytes per Character | Description | Range | IANA/MIME Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7-bit ASCII | 1 | The mother of all character sets. Contains 32 invisible control characters, the Latin letters A-Z, a-z, the Arabic digits 0-9 and a bunch of punctual characters. Code Range 0..127. | 0..127 | US-ASCII |
Unicode-based Character Sets
| Unicode, ISO 10646 | N.A. | A universal code for all characters anyone can think of. Defines characters, assigns them a scalar value, but does not define how characters are rendered graphically or in memory. | U+0000..U+100000 | N.A. |
| UTF-8 | 1..6 | A Unicode transformation format which uses 1-Byte characters for all 7-bit US-ASCII characters and sequences of up to 6 bytes for all other Unicode characters. | All Unicode characters | UTF-8 |
| UCS-2 | 2 | A unicode transformation format which uses 2 Bytes (16 Bits) for every character. This character set is not able to render all Unicode scalars and is therefore obsolete. However, it is still used by a lot of systems (Java, NT) | U+0000..U+FFFF | ISO-10646-UCS-2 |
| UTF-16 | 2 | A unicode transformation format which uses 2 Bytes (16 Bits) for every character. Using the concept of "Surrogate Pairs", this format is able to render all Unicode characters. | All Unicode characters | UTF-16 |
| UCS-4, UTF-32 | 4 | Two unicode transformation formats which use 4 Bytes (32 Bits) for every character. UCS-4 and UTF-32 are the only character sets, which are able to render all Unicode characters in equally long words. UCS-4 and UTF-32 are technically identical. | All Unicode characters | ISO-10646-UCS-4, UTF-32 |
Single-byte Character Sets
| ISO 8859-x | 1 | An extension of US-ASCII using the eighth bit. | 0..127, 160..255 | ISO-8859-x |
| Windows 125x | 1 | Equal to ISO 8859-x, plus additional characters in the 128..159 range. | 0..255 | Windows-125x |
ISO 8859-x Character Sets
| Name | Covered Languages | MS Windows counterpart | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ISO 8859-1 | Latin-1 | Western and West European languages (English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, etc.). As these languages are used in large parts of the world (Europe, Americas, Australia, Africa), these are the most widely used character sets. Windows 1252 and ISO 8895-1 are equal in the 160..255 range. | Windows-1252 |
| ISO 8859-2 | Latin-2 | Central and East European languages (Czech, Polish, etc.). | Windows-1250 |
| ISO 8859-3 | Latin-3 | South European, Maltese, Esperanto | |
| ISO 8859-4 | Latin-4 | North European | |
| ISO 8859-5 | Cyrillic | Russian, Ukrainian | Windows-1251 |
| ISO 8859-6 | Arabic | Arabic | Windows-1256 |
| ISO 8859-7 | Greek | Modern Greek | Windows-1253 |
| ISO 8859-8 | Hebrew | Hebrew | Windows-1255 |
| ISO 8859-9 | Latin-5 | Turkish | Windows-1254 |
| ISO 8859-10 | Latin-6 | Nordic (Sami, Inuit, Icelandic) | |
| ISO 8859-11 | Thai | Thai | Windows-874 |
| ISO 8859-13 | Latin-7 | Baltic | Windows-1257 |
| ISO 8859-14 | Latin-8 | Celtic | |
| ISO 8859-15 | Latin-9 | Similar to ISO 8859-1, adds Euro sign (€) and a few other characters. | |
| ISO 8859-16 | Latin-10 | South Eastern European languages (Albanian, Croatian, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Romanian, Slovenian, but also Finnish, French, German and Irish Gaelic). |
MS Windows Character Sets
| Number | Name |
|---|---|
| 1250 | Latin 2 |
| 1251 | Cyrillic |
| 1252 | Latin 1 |
| 1253 | Greek |
| 1254 | Latin 5 |
| 1255 | Hebrew |
| 1256 | Arabic |
| 1257 | Baltic |
| 1258 | Viet Nam |
| 874 | Thai |
Last updated 2010-02-23
For a complete list of the character sets available for your database version, connect to your database, and take a look at the list of character sets in the RDB$CHARACTER_SETS system table:
See also:
Default character set
Character set
Character sets and Unicode in Firebird
Convert your Firebird applications to Unicode
InterBase® character sets and collation orders
New character sets in Firebird 2.5
New character sets in Firebird 2.1
New character sets in Firebird 2.0
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